Direct conversion of heavy-hydrocarbon source into H₂–rich gas fuels has been highlighted as an efficient ultraclean system. Dictating the productivity of the system, the most important factor lies with the activity and physical/chemical stability of the catalytic materials. In this work, perovskite hollow fiber catalysts by partial substitution of Cr with Ru in the B site for LaCrO₃ (LaCr_1-xRu_xO₃, x = 0–0.4) are designed to investigate the effects of the positional and chemical changes of Ru on the catalytic properties at autothermal reforming of heavy-hydrocarbon. From a novel synthesis method, a hollow fibrous perovskite nanoparticle network is prepared to provide high surface area. Depending on the Ru doping levels, the optimal Ru amount exists as lattice type Ru, while an excess Ru resulted in the formation of surface type Ru on the perovskite. Especially, a slight structural modification of the orthorhombic structure owing from the doped Ru results in the increase of the surface oxygen and reducibility due to the high-valanced Cr and Ru states. After autothermal reforming of heavy-hydrocarbon including sulfur, it is obvious that the mixed lattice and surface Ru type shows a large deactivation due to the strong binding energy with carbon and sulfur. In contrast, less coke formation and sulfur poisoning are revealed for the catalyst with mostly lattice type Ru through the stable Ru species and high amount of active oxygen. Consequently, the hollow perovskite fiber catalyst of LaCr_0.8Ru_0.2O₃ displays the optimal activity to extract the highest amount of H₂ from the heavy-hydrocarbon source with exceptional stability.