A novel beryllium borate SrBeB2O5 is discovered for the first time through traditional solid state reaction and high temperature solution method. The framework of the structure is composed by two-dimensional [BeB2O5] layers determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The further structural analysis of beryllium borates reveals that the arrangement of anionic groups attributes to the structural stability. Moreover, the influences of the A-site cations on the structural features of fundamental building blocks in the alkaline or alkaline earth beryllium borates are discussed. The UV–Vis–NIR diffuse-reflectance pattern reveals that this compound has a very wide transparency range of wavelengths down to 200 nm. In addition, the properties of SrBeB2O5 were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and IR spectroscopy.